Scientists build artificial neurons that work like real ones

Science News from research organizations Scientists build artificial neurons that work like real ones Researchers have created low-voltage artificial neurons using bacteria-grown protein nanowires, enabling direct communication with biological systems. Date: October 14, 2025 Source: University of...

Science News from research organizations Scientists build artificial neurons that work like real ones Researchers have created low-voltage artificial neurons using bacteria-grown protein nanowires, enabling direct communication with biological systems. Date: October 14, 2025 Source: University of Massachusetts Amherst Summary: UMass Amherst engineers have built an artificial neuron powered by bacterial protein nanowires that functions like a real one, but at extremely low voltage. This allows for seamless communication with biological cells and drastically improved energy efficiency. The discovery could lead to bio-inspired computers and wearable electronics that no longer need power-hungry amplifiers. Future applications may include sensors powered by sweat or devices that harvest electricity from thin air. Share: Facebook Twitter Pinterest LinkedIN Email FULL STORY UMass engineers built living-inspired neurons from bacteria that could power the next generation of brain-like, energy-efficient technology. Credit: Shutterstock Engineers at the University of Massachusetts Amherst have developed an artificial neuron whose electrical activity closely matches that of natural brain cells. The innovation builds on the team's earlier research using protein nanowires made from electricity-producing bacteria. This new approach could pave the way for computers that run with the efficiency of living systems and may even connect directly with biological tissue. "Our brain processes an enormous amount of data," says Shuai Fu, a graduate student in electrical and computer engineering at UMass Amherst and lead author of the study published in Nature Communications. "But its power usage is very, very low, especially compared to the amount of electricity it takes to run a Large Language Model, like ChatGPT." The human body operates with remarkable electrical efficiency -- more than 100 times greater than that of a typical computer circuit. The brain alone contains billions of neurons, specialized cells that send and receive electrical signals throughout the body. Performing a task such as writing a story uses only about 20 watts of power in the human brain, whereas a large language model can require more than a megawatt to accomplish the same thing. Engineers have long sought to design artificial neurons for more energy-efficient computing, but reducing their voltage to match biological levels has been a major obstacle. "Previous versions of artificial neurons used 10 times more voltage -- and 100 times more power -- than the one we have created," says Jun Yao, associate professor of electrical and computer engineering at UMass Amherst and the paper's senior author. Because of this, earlier designs were far less efficient and couldn't connect directly with living neurons, which are sensitive to stronger electrical signals. "Ours register only 0.1 volts, which about the same as the neurons in our bodies," says Yao. There are a wide range of applications for Fu and Yao's new neuron, from redesigning computers along bio-inspired, and far more efficient principles, to electronic devices that could speak to our bodies directly. "We currently have all kinds of wearable electronic sensing systems," says Yao, "but they are comparatively clunky and inefficient. Every time they sense a signal from our body, they have to electrically amplify it so that a computer can analyze it. That intermediate step of amplification increases both power consumption and the circuit's complexity, but sensors built with our low-voltage neurons could do without any amplification at all." The secret ingredient in the team's new low-powered neuron is a protein nanowire synthesized from the remarkable bacteria Geobacter sulfurreducens, which also has the superpower of producing electricity. Yao, along with various colleagues, have used the bacteria's protein nanowires to design a whole host of extraordinary efficient devices: a biofilm, powered by sweat, that can power personal electronics; an "electronic nose" that can sniff out disease; and a device, which can be built of nearly anything, that can harvest electricity from thin air itself. This research was supported by the Army Research Office, the U.S. National Science Foundation, the National Institutes of Health and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. RELATED TOPICS Mind & Brain Illegal Drugs Neuroscience Psychology Creativity Computers & Math Computers and Internet Hacking Encryption Computer Modeling RELATED TERMS Quantum computer Communication Robot Application software Computer animation Virtual reality Security engineering Human brain Story Source: Materials provided by University of Massachusetts Amherst. Note: Content may be edited for style and length. Journal Reference: Shuai Fu, Hongyan Gao, Siqi Wang, Xiaoyu Wang, Trevor Woodard, Zhien Wang, Jing Kong, Derek R. Lovley, Jun Yao. Constructing artificial neurons with functional parameters comprehensively matching biological values. Nature Communications, 2025; 16 (1) DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-63640-7 Cite This Page: MLA APA Chicago University of Massachusetts Amherst. "Scientists build artificial neurons that work like real ones." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 14 October 2025. . University of Massachusetts Amherst. (2025, October 14). Scientists build artificial neurons that work like real ones. ScienceDaily. Retrieved July 13, 2026 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2025/10/251013040335.htm University of Massachusetts Amherst. "Scientists build artificial neurons that work like real ones." ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2025/10/251013040335.htm (accessed July 13, 2026). Explore More from ScienceDaily RELATED STORIES Soft Microelectronics Technologies Enabling Wearable AI for Digital Health Oct. 22, 2024 — Developing edge-computing and AI capabilities from wearable sensors enhances their intelligence, critical for the AI of Things, and reduces power consumption by minimizing data exchange between ... Finger Wrap Uses Sweat to Provide Health Monitoring at Your Fingertips--Literally Sep. 3, 2024 — A sweat-powered wearable has the potential to make continuous, personalized health monitoring as effortless as wearing a Band-Aid. Engineers have developed an electronic finger wrap that monitors ... 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Source: ScienceDaily AI — Published October 14, 2025 at 05:31 UTC — Category: Research